1He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune;有妻儿之人已向命运交付人质；比喻手法：将妻儿比作"人质"，暗示婚姻使人失去自由，受命运摆布。词源分析："hostages"源自拉丁语obsidem，意为"担保物、人质"。
2for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief.因为他们是对伟大事业的阻碍，无论是善举还是恶行。辩证观点：培根指出家庭对善恶两方面事业的共同阻碍。词源分析："impediments"源自拉丁语impedimentum，由in-（进入）和pes（脚）组成，意为"阻碍"。
3Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men,确实，最优秀、对公众最有价值的作品来自未婚或无子嗣的人，历史观察：延续前文关于无子女者创造力的观点。词源分析："merit"源自拉丁语meritum，意为"应得的奖赏"。
4which, both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public.他们在情感和财力上都已与公众结合并奉献于公众。隐喻表达：将无子女者对社会的贡献比作"与公众结婚"。词源分析："endowed"源自拉丁语induere，由in-（进入）和dare（给）组成，意为"捐赠、赋予"。
5Yet it were great reason that those that have children should have greatest care of future times,然而有子女者最应关心未来时代是很有道理的，逻辑推论：有后代的人自然更关心未来。词源分析："reason"源自拉丁语ratiōnem，意为"计算、理由"。
6unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.因为他们知道自己必须将最珍贵的抵押物传至未来。比喻延续：将子女称为"抵押物"，与前文"人质"比喻相呼应。词源分析："pledges"源自古法语plege，意为"担保物"。
7Some there are who, though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves,有些人虽然过着独身生活，但他们的思想只限于自身，心理分析：独身者的自我中心倾向。词源分析："single"源自拉丁语singulus，意为"单独的、个别的"。
8and account future times impertinences;认为未来时代与己无关；哲学批判：批评短视的时间观念。词源分析："impertinences"源自拉丁语impertinentem，由im-（不）和pertinere（属于）组成，意为"不相关"。
9nay, there are some other that account wife and children but as bills of charges;不仅如此，还有些人将妻儿仅仅视为开支账单；经济视角：极端功利主义的家庭观。词源分析："charges"源自古法语charge，意为"负担、费用"。
10nay more, there are some foolish, rich, covetous men, that take a pride in having no children,更有甚者，有些愚蠢、富有、贪婪的人以无子嗣为荣，社会批评：抨击守财奴的价值观。词源分析："covetous"源自古法语covoitous，意为"贪婪的"。
11because they may be thought so much the richer;因为他们可能被认为更加富有；心理分析：虚荣心驱动的生育观。词源分析："richer"源自古英语rice，意为"有权力的、富有的"。
12for, perhaps they have heard some talk, “Such an one is a great rich man,” and another except to it, “Yea, but he hath a great charge of children;”因为或许他们听过这样的对话："某人是个大富翁"，另一人反驳说："是啊，但他有一大群子女要负担；"社会对话：反映当时对子女经济负担的普遍看法。词源分析："except"源自拉丁语excipere，由ex-（出）和capere（拿）组成，意为"反对"。
13as if it were an abatement to his riches.仿佛这是对他财富的减损。经济观念：子女被视为财富的消耗而非增值。词源分析："abatement"源自古法语abattre，意为"减少、降低"。
14But the most ordinary cause of a single life is liberty,但独身最常见的原因是为了自由，心理分析：指出追求自由是独身的主要动机。词源分析："liberty"源自拉丁语libertas，意为"自由"。
15especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds,尤其是在某些自我取悦和古怪的人心中，性格分析：描述特定性格类型倾向独身。词源分析："humorous"源自拉丁语humorosus，原意"液体的"，后引申为"情绪化的、古怪的"。
16which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles.他们对每一种束缚都如此敏感，以至于几乎认为自己的腰带和袜带都是镣铐。夸张修辞：极言自由主义者对束缚的敏感度。词源分析："shackles"源自古英语sceacel，意为"镣铐、束缚"。
17Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants;未婚者是最好的朋友、最好的主人、最好的仆人；社会角色分析：独身者在某些社会角色中的优势。词源分析："unmarried"由un-（不）和married（已婚的）组成，married源自拉丁语maritare，意为"结婚"。
18but not always best subjects, for they are light to run away, and almost all fugitives are of that condition.但不总是最好的臣民，因为他们容易逃跑，几乎所有的逃亡者都是这种情况。政治观察：独身者缺乏对国家责任的承担。词源分析："fugitives"源自拉丁语fugitivus，由fugere（逃跑）衍生，意为"逃亡者"。
19A single life doth well with churchmen, for charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a pool.独身适合神职人员，因为慈善很难浇灌土地，如果它必须先填满一个水池。隐喻表达：将家庭比作需要先填满的水池，慈善事业比作需要浇灌的土地。词源分析："charity"源自拉丁语caritas，意为"慈善、爱"。
20It is indifferent for judges and magistrates;对法官和行政官来说则无所谓；职业分析：司法和行政官员的婚姻状况不影响职责。词源分析："magistrates"源自拉丁语magistratus，意为"官员"。
21for if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant five times worse than a wife.因为如果他们易受影响且腐败，你会有一个比妻子坏五倍的仆人。比较分析：腐败官员的仆人比妻子更有害。词源分析："facile"源自拉丁语facilis，意为"易做的、易受影响的"。
22For soldiers, I find the generals commonly, in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children;对于士兵，我发现将军们通常在激励演说中让士兵想起妻儿；军事心理学：家庭作为士兵的激励因素。词源分析："hortatives"源自拉丁语hortativus，由hortari（劝告）衍生，意为"激励的"。
23and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks maketh the vulgar soldier more base.我认为土耳其人轻视婚姻使得普通士兵更加卑劣。文化比较：通过土耳其例子说明婚姻对士兵品格的影响。词源分析："despising"源自拉丁语despicere，由de-（下）和specere（看）组成，意为"轻视"。
24Certainly, wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity;确实，妻儿是对人性的一种训练；哲学观点：家庭生活培养人性品德。词源分析："discipline"源自拉丁语disciplina，意为"教导、训练"。
25and single men, though they be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust,而独身者，虽然通常更慈善，因为他们的财力消耗较少，经济分析：独身者在慈善方面的优势。词源分析："exhaust"源自拉丁语exhaurire，由ex-（出）和haurire（抽取）组成，意为"耗尽"。
26yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hard-hearted (good to make severe inquisitors),但在另一方面，他们更加残忍和硬心肠（适合做严厉的审讯官），心理对比：独身者慈善但缺乏同情心的矛盾性。词源分析："inquisitors"源自拉丁语inquisitor，由inquirere（询问）衍生，意为"审讯者"。
27because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.因为他们的温柔不常被唤起。心理分析：解释独身者缺乏温柔的原因。词源分析："tenderness"源自古法语tendre，意为"柔软的、温柔的"。
28Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands,庄重的天性，受习俗引导且因此专一，通常是充满爱心的丈夫，性格分析：特定性格类型成为好丈夫的原因。词源分析："constant"源自拉丁语constantem，意为"坚定的、不变的"。
29as was said of Ulysses, “Vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.”如尤利西斯所说："他宁愿选择他的老妻，也不选择不朽。"古典引用：引用希腊神话中尤利西斯的选择，强调婚姻忠诚的价值。词源分析：拉丁语vetulam意为"老妻"，immortalitati意为"不朽"。
30Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity.贞洁的女子常常骄傲而任性，因为自恃贞洁的功劳。心理观察：贞洁可能带来的负面性格特征。词源分析："froward"由fro（从）和ward（方向）组成，意为"逆反的、任性的"。
31It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise,妻子贞洁和顺从的最好纽带之一是她认为丈夫聪明，婚姻心理学：妻子对丈夫智慧的认可促进婚姻和谐。词源分析："obedience"源自拉丁语obedientia，意为"顺从"。
32which she will never do if she find him jealous.如果她发现丈夫嫉妒，就绝不会这样认为。婚姻建议：嫉妒会破坏夫妻间的尊重。词源分析："jealous"源自希腊语zelos，意为"热情、嫉妒"。
33Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses,妻子是年轻人的情人、中年人的伴侣、老年人的护士，人生阶段分析：妻子在不同人生阶段的不同角色。词源分析："mistresses"源自拉丁语magistressa，意为"女主人、情人"。
34so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will;因此男人在任何时候结婚都有理由；结论：任何年龄结婚都有其合理性。词源分析："quarrel"源自古法语querele，意为"抱怨、理由"。
35but yet he was reputed one of the wise men that made answer to the question when a man should marry,但被誉為智者的人回答一个人应该何时结婚时说：引入智慧箴言：过渡到关于结婚时机的经典回答。词源分析："reputed"源自拉丁语reputare，意为"认为、誉为"。
36“A young man not yet, an elder man not at all.”"年轻人还不该，年长者根本不该。"智慧箴言：讽刺性的结婚时机建议。词源分析：此句采用平行结构，形成强烈对比效果。
37It is often seen that bad husbands have very good wives;经常可见坏丈夫有很好的妻子；婚姻现象：夫妻品质的不对等现象。词源分析："husbands"源自古英语husbonda，意为"一家之主"。
38whether it be that it raiseth the price of their husbands’ kindness when it comes,无论这是因为丈夫偶尔的善意显得更加珍贵，心理分析：稀缺性增加善意的价值。词源分析："raiseth"源自古英语ræran，意为"抬起、提高"。
39or that the wives take a pride in their patience;还是因为妻子以她们的耐心为荣；心理分析：忍耐成为妻子的美德象征。词源分析："patience"源自拉丁语patientia，意为"忍耐"。
40but this never fails, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends’ consent,但如果坏丈夫是她们自己选择、违背朋友同意的，这种情况就一定会发生，社会观察：自主选择的婚姻即使不好也会坚持。词源分析："consent"源自拉丁语consentire，意为"同意"。
41for then they will be sure to make good their own folly.因为那时她们必定要证明自己的愚蠢是正确的。心理分析：人们倾向于为自己的选择辩护。词源分析："folly"源自古法语folie，意为"愚蠢"。