1Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man’s nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out;复仇是一种野性的正义，人的天性越倾向于它，法律就越应当将其根除；比喻修辞：将复仇比作"wild justice"。句法结构：主句+which引导的定语从句，内含"the more...the more..."比较结构
2for as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law, but the revenge of that wrong, putteth the law out of office.因为就最初的过错而言，它只是触犯法律，但对那过错的复仇，却使法律失去效用。对比结构："it doth but offend...but the revenge..."形成对比。词汇："putteth out of office"意为"使失效、废除"
3Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy, but in passing it over, he is superior;确实，在复仇时，一个人只不过与他的敌人持平，但在宽恕过错时，他就高人一等；对比修辞：通过"but...but..."结构对比复仇与宽恕的不同结果。词汇："even with"意为"与...持平、不相上下"
4for it is a prince’s part to pardon; and Solomon, I am sure, saith, “It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence.”因为宽恕是君主的美德；所罗门曾说："宽恕过错是人的荣耀。"权威引用：引用所罗门的箴言增强说服力。语法：插入语"I am sure"表示确信
5That which is past is gone and irrevocable, and wise men have enough to do with things present and to come;过去的事情已经过去且不可挽回，智者有足够多当前和未来的事情要处理；哲学观点：强调关注现在和未来的重要性。词汇："irrevocable"表示不可撤销、不可改变
6therefore they do but trifle with themselves that labor in past matters.因此那些纠缠于过去事情的人只是在自寻烦恼。批判观点：培根批评沉溺于过去的行为。词汇："trifle with"意为"轻视、浪费"
7There is no man doth a wrong for the wrong’s sake, but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honor, or the like;没有人是为了作恶而作恶，而是借此为自己获取利益、快乐、荣誉或类似的东西；心理分析：分析人们作恶的动机。句法：双重否定"no...but..."结构。词汇："purchase"此处意为"获得、换取"
8therefore, why should I be angry with a man for loving himself better than me?因此，我为什么要因为一个人爱自己胜过爱我而生气呢？反问修辞：通过反问强调人性自爱的普遍性。语法：比较级"better than"结构
9And if any man should do wrong merely out of ill-nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which prick and scratch, because they can do no other.如果有人纯粹出于恶意而作恶，那么，这也不过像荆棘一样，它们刺人抓人，因为它们别无他法。比喻修辞：将恶意之人比作荆棘。语法：条件状语从句"if any man should..." + 主句"it is but like..."
10The most tolerable sort of revenge is for those wrongs which there is no law to remedy;最可容忍的复仇是针对那些法律无法补救的过错；条件限定：培根限定复仇的合理范围。语法：定语从句"which there is no law to remedy"修饰"wrongs"
11but then, let a man take heed the revenge be such as there is no law to punish, else a man’s enemy is still beforehand, and it is two for one.但那时，人要当心复仇的方式应当是法律无法惩罚的，否则敌人的处境仍然占优，相当于二对一。谨慎建议：提醒复仇者要考虑法律后果。词汇："beforehand"意为"占先、处于优势"，"two for one"指双重损失
12Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh.有些人在复仇时，希望对方知道复仇从何而来。心理描述：描述一种公开复仇的心态。语法：时间状语从句"when they take revenge" + 主句"are desirous..."
13This is the more generous; for the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent;这更为大度；因为快乐似乎不在于伤害对方，而在于使对方悔悟；动机分析：区分高尚复仇与卑劣复仇的不同动机。句法："not so much...as..."比较结构
14but base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark.但卑鄙狡诈的懦夫则像在黑暗中飞行的箭。比喻修辞：将暗中复仇者比作暗箭。词汇："base"指卑鄙的，"crafty"指狡诈的
15Cosmus, Duke of Florence, had a desperate saying against perfidious or neglecting friends, as if those wrongs were unpardonable.佛罗伦萨公爵科西莫有一句针对背信弃义或疏忽怠慢的朋友的极端言论，仿佛那些过错是不可饶恕的。历史引用：引用佛罗伦萨公爵科西莫的观点。词汇："perfidious"指背信弃义的，"unpardonable"指不可饶恕的
16"You shall read," saith he, "that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends."他说："你会读到，我们被命令宽恕敌人；但你从未读到我们被命令宽恕朋友。"对比修辞：通过对比对敌人和朋友的不同态度表达极端观点。语法：间接引语中的直接引语结构
17But yet the spirit of Job was in a better tune: "Shall we," saith he, "take good at God’s hands, and not be content to take evil also?" and so of friends in a proportion.但约伯的精神更为高尚："他说："我们岂可从上帝手中接受福乐，却不甘心接受灾祸呢？"对朋友也应当如此。宗教引用：引用《约伯记》中的观点反驳前文。语法：反问句增强说服力，"and so of friends"表示类推
18This is certain, that a man that studieth revenge keeps his own wounds green, which otherwise would heal and do well.这一点是肯定的：一个潜心复仇的人使自己的伤口保持新鲜，否则它们本会愈合好转。比喻修辞：将复仇心态比作不让伤口愈合。语法：同位语从句"that a man that studieth..."说明"this"的内容
19Public revenges are for the most part fortunate; as that for the death of Cæsar; for the death of Pertinax; for the death of Henry the Third of France; and many more.公众的复仇大多幸运；如为凯撒之死、佩蒂纳克斯之死、法国亨利三世之死等等的复仇。历史例证：列举历史上成功的公众复仇事件。语法：排比结构"as that for...for...for..."
20But in private revenges it is not so; nay, rather, vindictive persons live the life of witches, who, as they are mischievous, so end they unfortunate.但私人的复仇并非如此；不，更确切地说，复仇心重的人过着女巫般的生活，她们既害人，结局也不幸。对比结论：对比公众复仇与私人复仇的不同结果。比喻：将复仇者比作女巫。语法："as...so..."平行结构